Boiler reliability has become one of the main

challenges with the advent of efficiency
advances in Waste to Energy industry. When
operated at low pressure/low pressurized water
temperature, the corrosion rate of the boiler
waterwall is low. As a result, boilers can operate
for decades without any corrosion protection.
In order to generate power efficiently, the
production of high-temperature steam with
the highest pressure/temperature possible is
required. The implementation of the Best Available
Technology (BAT) required by the Industrial
Emissions Directive 2010/75/EU under the EU
BAT reference documents (BREFs) pushes the
operators to optimize the performance of the
lines where reliability becomes a key factor.
This increase in temperature calls for a
selection of materials that can withstand higher
operating conditions in a more aggressive and
complex environment, including chlorine and
molten salts forming and condensing at various
temperatures. Many readily available materials
offer adequate resistance to high-temperature
service or certain corrosive agents; however,
few can perform reliably where a combination
of corrosion mechanisms affects the boiler.